CHAPITRE 01
Le vocabulaire
Le cœur de l'examen. Apprends le mot anglais ↔ sa traduction. Les mots familiers (inf.) et les verbes à particule (phr.) sont signalés.
J.K. Rowling — auteure & livres (p. 55)
| Anglais | Français |
|---|---|
| author | auteur(e) |
| billionaire | milliardaire |
| best-selling | à succès (très vendu) |
| series | série |
| to be born | naître |
| orphan | orphelin(e) |
| wizard | magicien / sorcier |
| subject | matière (école) |
| foreign | étranger (d'un autre pays) |
| to graduate | être diplômé(e) |
| passion | passion |
| measles | la rougeole |
| brief | bref, court |
| marriage | mariage |
| divorced | divorcé(e) |
| out of work | sans emploi |
| depressed | déprimé(e) |
| to publish | publier |
| a hit | un succès |
| in longhand | à la main (pas à l'ordi) |
| award | récompense, prix |
| to translate | traduire |
| copy | exemplaire |
| fan | fan, admirateur |
| adult | adulte |
Calvin Klein — la mode & le travail (p. 56)
| Anglais | Français |
|---|---|
| fashion | la mode |
| designer | créateur / styliste |
| to develop | développer, se développer |
| to launch | lancer (un produit) |
| clothing | vêtements |
| childhood | enfance |
| sportswear | vêtements de sport |
| to introduce | introduire, présenter |
| trademark | marque déposée |
| jeans | jean |
| brand | marque |
| underwear | sous-vêtements |
| wealthy | riche, fortuné |
| socialite | mondain(e) |
| perfume | parfum |
| recent | récent |
| cosmetics | cosmétiques |
| make-up | maquillage |
| to resign | démissionner |
| to elect | élire |
| to take off phr. | décoller (avion) |
| to remarry | se remarier |
Football — « The Beautiful Game » (p. 58–59)
| Anglais | Français |
|---|---|
| global | mondial |
| team | équipe |
| footballer | footballeur |
| statistics | statistiques |
| nationality | nationalité |
| half-time | mi-temps |
| continent | continent |
| talented | talentueux |
| soccer | football (US) |
| to unite | unir, rassembler |
| to divide | diviser, séparer |
| superstar | superstar |
| medieval | médiéval |
| violent | violent |
| rules | règles |
| to catch | attraper |
| to sort out phr. | régler (un problème) |
| to pick up phr. | ramasser, prendre |
| professional | professionnel |
| club / ground | club / terrain, stade |
| poverty | pauvreté |
| to snap up phr. | rafler, s'arracher |
| to make your mark | se faire un nom |
| homegrown | du pays, local |
| rivalry | rivalité |
| decade | décennie |
| to increase | augmenter |
| to invest | investir |
| huge sum | somme énorme |
| to hire | embaucher |
| coach | entraîneur |
| to qualify | se qualifier |
| gifted | doué |
| to host | accueillir (un événement) |
| World Cup | Coupe du monde |
| nation / earth | nation / la Terre |
| countless | innombrable |
| waste ground | terrain vague |
« No fear! » — voyages & émotions (p. 62–63)
| Anglais | Français |
|---|---|
| fear | la peur |
| traveller | voyageur |
| to worry | s'inquiéter |
| to freak out inf. | paniquer, flipper |
| pitch-black | noir complet |
| to climb | grimper |
| bunk bed | lit superposé |
| scream | cri |
| pain / blood | douleur / sang |
| to mention | mentionner |
| ambulance | ambulance |
| scar | cicatrice |
| shocked / sweaty | choqué / en sueur |
| to miss (sb) | manquer (à qqn) |
| to warn | prévenir, avertir |
| awesome inf. | génial, super |
| to put (sb) up phr. | héberger qqn |
| to look forward to phr. | attendre avec impatience |
| piranha / canoe | piranha / canoë |
| to throw | jeter, lancer |
| to attract | attirer |
| to manage to phr. | réussir à |
| to camp / bank | camper / berge (rivière) |
| sunset / torch | coucher de soleil / lampe de poche |
| to escape | s'échapper |
| crocodile | crocodile |
| en-suite | (salle de bain) attenante |
| earthquake | tremblement de terre |
| to strike | survenir, frapper |
| to panic | paniquer |
| pleased / hurt | content / blessé |
| despite | malgré |
| hole / ceiling | trou / plafond |
| to succeed | réussir |
Parler de ses passions (p. 60) — du + au −
J'aime : to adore · to love · to be crazy about · to be keen on · to be fond of · quite like
Je n'aime pas : don't mind (ça m'est égal) → not (that) keen on → can't stand / can't bear / to loathe (détester)
She absolutely adores ice-cream. · I can't stand people who talk about themselves. · I'm not that keen on sport.
Everyday English — « Making the right noises » (réagir)
| Accord (agreement) | Compassion (sympathy) | Plaisir / surprise |
|---|---|---|
| Absolutely. · Definitely. · Of course. · Fair enough. · Fine. · OK. | What a pity! · That's a shame. · Oh dear. · That's too bad. · How awful! · Bad luck. | Plaisir : How fantastic! · That's great! · Lovely! · Congratulations! · Good for you! Surprise : Did you? · Really? · You're kidding! · You did what? |
CHAPITRE 02
Present Perfect
Simple · continu · passif. Trois temps à ne pas confondre.
Les trois temps (Grammar Spot)
| Temps | Forme | Exemple | Emploi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present simple | base (+ s) | She lives in Scotland. | fait permanent / habitude |
| Past simple | prétérit | She lived in Portugal for three years. | moment passé terminé |
| Present perfect | have/has + participe passé | She has lived in Scotland since 1993. | lien avec maintenant |
Les 3 formes du present perfect
- Simple : have/has + p.p. → She has written 7 books. (combien / résultat)
- Continu : have/has been + -ing → How long has she been writing? (durée d'une activité)
- Passif : have/has been + p.p. → Her books have been translated into 60 languages.
Present perfect ou past simple ?
Present perfect
Expérience (ever/never), résultat actuel, temps non terminé, for/since.
I've been to Italy. (expérience)
Past simple
Moment précis et fini → yesterday, last week, in 2019, ago.
I went to Italy in 2019. (quand → past simple)
just / yet / already / ever / never
- just = à l'instant → I've just finished.
- already = déjà (affirmatif) → She's already left.
- yet = déjà / pas encore (questions & négations, en fin de phrase) → Have you finished yet?
- ever = un jour (questions) → Have you ever been to Morocco?
- never = jamais → I've never read it.
for / since
↑ Haut du chapitre
for + durée (for ten years) · since + point de départ (since 2015, since Monday). · How long…? = depuis combien de temps.
CHAPITRE 03
Les verbes irréguliers
Base — Prétérit (Past Simple) — Participe passé (Past Participle). Rangés par famille : repère le schéma, tu en retiendras beaucoup d'un coup.
Famille 1 · les plus faciles
Les trois formes sont identiques
La base ne change jamais : base = prétérit = participe passé.
| Base | Prétérit | Participe passé |
|---|---|---|
| cost | cost | cost |
| cut | cut | cut |
| hit | hit | hit |
| put | put | put |
| shut | shut | shut |
| read /riːd/ | read /red/ | read /red/ |
Attention · read
Même orthographe aux trois formes, mais la prononciation change : read /riːd/ (présent) → /red/ (prétérit & participe).
Famille 2 · très fréquents
Prétérit = participe passé
Les deux dernières formes sont identiques (souvent en -ought / -aught / -t / -d).
| Base | Prétérit | Participe passé |
|---|---|---|
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| buy | bought | bought |
| catch | caught | caught |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| get | got | got |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| keep | kept | kept |
| learn | learnt / -ed | learnt / -ed |
| leave | left | left |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| say | said | said |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| spend | spent | spent |
| stand | stood | stood |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| understand | understood | understood |
| win | won | won |
Astuce · tell / say
tell = dire à quelqu'un (tell me) · say = dire (say that…).
Famille 3 · les plus importants
Les trois formes sont différentes
Souvent participe passé en -en. Les plus difficiles, mais indispensables.
| Base | Prétérit | Participe passé |
|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been |
| begin | began | begun |
| break | broke | broken |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| do | did | done |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone / been |
| grow | grew | grown |
| know | knew | known |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| see | saw | seen |
| sing | sang | sung |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| swim | swam | swum |
| take | took | taken |
| wake | woke | woken |
| wear | wore | worn |
| write | wrote | written |
Attention · go
gone = parti (et pas revenu) · been = allé et revenu → He has gone to Paris (il y est) vs He has been to Paris (il y est déjà allé).
Famille 4 · cas particuliers
Base = participe passé, & modaux
Ici la 1re et la 3e forme sont identiques, seul le prétérit change — plus le modal can.
| Base | Prétérit | Participe passé |
|---|---|---|
| become | became | become |
| come | came | come |
| run | ran | run |
| can | could | (been able to) |
CHAPITRE 04
Verb patterns
Quel verbe est suivi de -ing, de to + infinitif, ou de la base seule ? (Appendix 2)
Verbe + -ing
like, love, enjoy, hate, finish, stop + -ing.
I enjoy swimming. · She finished cooking.
Verbe + -ing OU to
begin, start + -ing ou to (même sens).
It began raining / to rain.
Verbe + to + infinitif
choose, decide, forget, promise, need, help, hope, try, want, would like, would love + to + base.
He decided to go. · I want to work.
Modal + base (sans « to »)
can, could, shall, will, would + base.
I can go. · They will arrive. (✗ can to go)
have to
have to (obligation) + infinitif → I have to go now.
Piège du sens
- stop to do = s'arrêter pour faire → He stopped to talk.
- stop doing = arrêter de faire → He stopped talking.
- Idem : remember / forget to do (tâche à venir) vs doing (souvenir passé).
CHAPITRE 05
Les conditionnels
Quatre types selon le degré de possibilité (Unit 9).
| Type | Sens | Forme | Exemple |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zéro | vérité générale (toujours vrai ; if = when) | If + présent, présent | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| 1er | condition possible (réel, futur) | If + présent, will + base | If I see Dave, I'll tell him. |
| 2e | condition improbable / imaginaire | If + prétérit, would + base | If I had the money, I'd buy a Mercedes. |
| 3e | condition impossible (passé, trop tard) | If + past perfect, would have + p.p. | If I'd known, I'd have cooked a meal. |
1er ou 2e ?
C'est une question de probabilité, pas de temps. If I lose my job, I'll… (probable) · If I lost my job, I'd… (peu probable, je spécule).
Modaux au passé (3e type)
might / could have done = possibilité passée → You might have died! · She could have married anyone.should have done = reproche / conseil (passé) → You should have apologized.
« would » : autres emplois
Conseil : If I were you, I'd apologize.Préférence : I'd love… · I'd rather have coffee.
Demande polie : Would you open the door? · Would you mind helping me?
À l'oral
↑ Haut du chapitre
On contracte : I would → I'd · would have → would've / 'd have.